PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

In general, it is a mix between the present and the past. Present perfect tense refers to an action or state that occurred at an indefinite time in the past (Example: We have spoken before) or began in the past and continues into the present (Example: You have become impatient for the past hour).

The "present perfect" of any verb is made up of two elements: 

1. The appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (in the present) 
2. The "past participle" of the main verb. The "past participle" form of a regular verb is root + ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked.

The structure of the affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences is as follows:

Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + past participle. Examples:

→ I have talked to Rubius.

→ She has gone to park.

→ We have been to Norway.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + “not” + past participle. Examples:

→ She hasn't gone to work.

→ I haven't visited Colombia.

→ They haven't learned English.

Interrogative: Auxiliary verb (to have) + subject + past participle? Examples:

→ Has she visited?

→ Have you tried pizza?

→ Has she been to London?

Uses

The present perfect is used for actions that occurred at a non-specific time before now. The specific time is not important. Therefore, we do not usually use specific time expressions ("this morning", "yesterday", "last year" ...) with the present perfect. You can use the present perfect with non-specific expressions of time ("never", "ever", "many times", "for", "since", "already", "yet" ...).

• The present perfect is used to describe an experience. We do not use it for specific actions. Examples:

→ I have never ridden a motorcycle.

→ We have gone to Argentina to speak with a cousin.

→ They have been to San Salvador.

• The present perfect is used for a change in time. Examples:

→ He has learned to be more honest.

→ I have become more timid in my old age.

→ His french has improved a lot this year.

• It is used for successes or achievements. Examples:

→ Our math team has won 5 times

→ I have finished drawing my first comic

→ Veterinarians have been succeeded saving many animals

• We use the present perfect for actions that have not yet happened. The use of the present perfect in these cases indicates that we are still waiting for the action, so we often use the adverbs "yet" and "still". Examples:

→ The car hasn’t arrived yet.

→ Our team still hasn't won.

→ You haven't finished your homework yet?

• In general, we use the present perfect continuous for situations that have started in the past but are still in the present. But as we have seen, there are some verbs that we cannot use in continuous tenses. In these cases, we use the present perfect. Examples:

→ How long has Luzu been in Los Angeles?

→ I have loved you since the day I met you.

AN APPLICATION TO LIFE

I think that one can get quite confused when it comes to the Present Perfect but it is only to practice it and master it, because we use it for actions in the past that matter in the present, also to talk about life experiences.